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1.1 DEFINITION, SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE
1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Scope
1.1.3 Importance
1.2 NEED FOR PUBLIC AWARENESS
1.2.1 Institutions in Environment
1.2.2 People in Environment
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DEVICE 2: NATURAL RESOURCES
2.1 INTRODUCTION.
2.2 RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES.
2.2.1 Natural sources and linked troubles.
2.2.2 Non-renewable sources.
2.2.3 Renewable sources.
a. Forest Resources: Use and over-exploitation, logging, study.
Lumber removal, mining, dams and their impacts on woodlands and tribal individuals.
b. Water Resources: Use and over-utilisation of surface area and ground water,.
floodings, dry spell, problems over water, dams– troubles and advantages.
c. Mineral Resources: Use and exploitation, ecological impacts of drawing out.
and making use of mineral sources, study.
d. Food Resources: World food issues, Changes in landuse by farming and.
grazing, Effects of contemporary farming, Fertilizer/ chemical issues,.
Water logging and salinity.
e. Energy Resources: Increasing power demands, Renewable/ non sustainable, Use of Alternate power resources, Case researches.
f. Land sources: Land as a source, land deterioration, man-induced land-slides, dirt disintegration and desertification.
2.3 ROLE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
2.4 EQUITABLE USE OF RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLES.
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SYSTEM 3: ECOSYSTEMS – Environmental Studies
3.1 Concept of an ecological community.
3.1.1 Understanding ecological communities.
3.1.2 Ecosystem deterioration.
3.1.3 Resource exercise.
3.2 Structure and features of an environment.
3.3 Consumers, manufacturers and decomposers.
3.4 Energy circulation in the community.
3.4.1 The water cycle.
3.4.2 The Carbon cycle.
3.4.3 The Oxygen cycle.
3.4.4 The Nitrogen cycle.
3.4.5 The power cycle.
3.4.6 Integration of cycles in nature.
3.5 Ecological sequence.
3.6 Food chains, Food internet and Ecological pyramids.
3.6.1 The food web.
3.6.2 The food internet.
3.6.3 The environmental pyramids.
3.7 Introduction, Types, Characteristic functions, Structure and features.
3.7.1 Forest environment.
3.7.2 Grassland ecological community.
3.7.3 Desert ecological community.
3.7.4 Aquatic environments (fish ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, tidewaters, seas).
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SYSTEM 4: BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION – Envinromental Studies Notes
4.1 INTRODUCTION– DEFINITION: GENETIC, SPECIES, ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY.
4.1.1 Genetic variety.
4.1.2 Species variety.
4.1.3 Ecosystem variety.
4.2 BIOGEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION OF INDIA4.3 VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY: CONSUMPTIVE, PRODUCTIVE USE, SOCIAL, ETHICAL,.
VISUAL AND OPTION VALUES.
4.3.1 Consumptive worth.
4.3.2 Productive worth.
4.3.3 Social worth.
4.3.4 Ethical worth.
4.3.5 Aesthetic worth.
4.3.6 Option worth.
4.4 BIODIVERSITY AT GLOBAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS.
4.5 INDIA AS A MEGA DIVERSITY NATION.
4.6 HOTSPOTS OF BIODIVERSITY.
4.7 THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY: HABITAT LOSS, POACHING OF WILDLIFE,.
MAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICTS.
4.8 ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC SPECIES OF INDIA.
4.8.1 Common Plant types.
4.8.2 Common Animal types.
4.9 CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY: IN-SITU AND EX-SITU 104.
4.9.1 In-situ preservation.
4.9.2 Ex-situ preservation.
Ecological Studies Pdf Notes – ES Pdf Notes
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SYSTEM 5: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
5.1 DEFINITION.
5.2 CAUSES, EFFECTS AND CONTROL MEASURES OF:.
5.2.1 Air Pollution.
5.2.2 Water Pollution.
5.2.3 Soil Pollution.
5.2.4 Marine Pollution.
5.2.5 Noise Pollution.
5.2.6 Thermal Pollution.
5.2.7 Nuclear threats.
5.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND CONTROL MEASURES.
OF URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE.
5.4 ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS IN POLLUTION PREVENTION5.5 POLLUTION CASE STUDIES.
5.6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT: FLOODS, EARTHQUAKES, CYCLONES, LANDSLIDES.
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DEVICE 6: SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
6.1 FROM UNSUSTAINABLE TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
6.2 URBAN PROBLEMS RELATED TO ENERGY.
6.3 WATER CONSERVATION, RAIN WATER HARVESTING, WATERSHED.
ADMINISTRATION.
6.3.1 Water preservation.
6.3.2 Rain water harvesting.
6.3.3 Watershed monitoring.
6.4 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION OF PEOPLE; ITS PROBLEMS.
AND CONCERNS. STUDY.
6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: ISSUES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS.
6.5.1 Resource usage patterns and the requirement for their fair exercise.
6.5.2 Equity– Disparity in the Northern and Southern nations.
6.5.3 Urban– country equity concerns.
6.5.4 The requirement for Gender Equity.
6.5.5 Preserving sources for future generations.
6.5.6 The legal rights of pets.
6.5.7 The moral basis of atmosphere education and learning and understanding.
6.5.8 The preservation values and standard worth systems of India.
6.6 CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL WARMING, ACID RAIN, OZONE LAYER DEPLETION,.
NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS AND NUCLEAR HOLOCAUST. STUDY.
6.6.1 Climate modification.
6.6.2 Global warming.
6.6.3 Acid rainfall.
6.6.4 Ozone layer exhaustion.
6.6.5 Nuclear Accidents and Nuclear Holocaust.
6.7 WASTELAND RECLAMATION.
6.8 CONSUMERISM AND WASTE PRODUCTS.
6.9 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT.
6.10 AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT.
6.11 WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT.
Initial Pages.6.12 WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT.
6.13 FOREST CONSERVATION ACT.
6.14 ISSUES INVOLVED IN ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION.
6.14.1 Environment Impact Assessment (EIA).
6.14.2 Citizens activities and activity teams.
6.15 PUBLIC AWARENESS.
6.15.1 Using an Environmental Calendar of Activities 204.
6.15.2 What can I do?
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SYSTEM 7: HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT – Environmental Studies Notes
7.1 POPULATION GROWTH, VARIATION AMONG NATIONS.
7.1.1 Global populace development.
7.2 POPULATION EXPLOSION– FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAM.
7.2.1 Methods of sanitation.
7.1.2 Urbanization.
7.3 HUMAN and ecological HEALTH.
7.3.1 Environmental wellness.
7.3.2 Climate and health and wellness.
7.3.3 Infectious illness.
7.3.4 Water-related conditions.
7.3.5 Risks because of chemicals in food.
7.3.6 Cancer and setting.
7.4 HUMAN RIGHTS.
7.4.1 Equity.
7.4.2 Nutrition, health and wellness and civils rights.
7.4.3 Intellectual Property Rights and Community Biodiversity Registers.
7.5 VALUE EDUCATION.
7.5.1 Environmental Values.
7.5.2 Valuing Nature.
7.5.3 Valuing societies.
7.5.4 Social justice.
7.5.5 Human heritage.
7.5.6 Equitable use Resources.
7.5.7 Common Property Resources.
7.5.8 Ecological deterioration.
7.6 HIV/AIDS7.7 WOMEN AND CHILD WELFARE.
7.8 ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH.
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DEVICE 8: FIELD WORK – Environmental Studies Notes
8.1 VISIT TO A LOCAL AREA TO DOCUMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS,.
RIVER/FOREST/GRASSLANDS/ HILL/MOUNTAIN.
8.2 VISIT TO A LOCAL POLLUTED SITE.
8.3 STUDY OF COMMON PLANTS, INSECTS, BIRDS.
8.4 STUDY OF SIMPLE ECOSYSTEMS.
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